For non-human cell lines, using genes such as the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COX1) for DNA barcoding may be used to determine the species of origin. As each human cell line has originated from a different individual, STR profiling allows for differentiation between them. One of the methods used for cell line identification is short tandem repeat (STR) profiling, which has been widely used for human identification in forensics 1. Regularly confirming the identity of cell lines can prevent contamination and mislabeling errors from affecting future research and diagnostic test results. Cell lines may also be completely overgrown and replaced by a contaminating cell line 5. Cross-contamination may occur within cell lines of the same species (intra-species cross-contamination) or between different species (inter-species cross-contamination). Two of the main causes of cell line misidentification are cross-contamination between cell lines and mislabeling of tubes or culture flasks 4. As an increasing number of cell lines are reported as being contaminated or misidentified, many scientific journals including Nature and PLOS ONE have now put policies in place for the authentication of cell lines used in their publications 1, 4.

These, and other papers describing misidentified cell lines, have been and may continue to be cited and used in other studies, thus potentially invalidating the research 2.

2 found 631 publications published between the years 2000вЂ“2014 that mentioned the use of the KB cell line, of which 574 articles were describing it incorrectly. For example, the KB cell line, believed to be oral or squamous cell carcinoma 2, and the KU7 cell line believed to be derived from bladder cancer cells 3, were both found to be HeLa cells. There have been reports where the cell line was misidentified by the source institute, rendering the results of any publication using that cell line questionable. Misidentified or contaminated cell lines can present irreproducible or inaccurate results which may mislead future research 1. Metagenomics-based HTS is a useful laboratory QA tool for cell line authentication and contamination detection that should be conducted regularly.Д¬ell line authentication is an essential part of ensuring the validity of research and diagnostic results. However, several expected and unexpected viral sequences were detected, including part of the classical swine fever virus genome in the IB-RS-2 Clone D10 cell line. Mycoplasma contamination was not detected in any cell lines. Two cell lines, LFBK-О±vОІ6 and SCP-HS, were determined to be composed of cells from a different species and genus. Through sequence comparison of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene, the species identity of 53 cell lines was confirmed, and eight cell lines were found to show a greater pairwise nucleotide identity in the COX1 sequence of a different species within the same expected genus. Cell line authentication and contamination detection based on metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was tested on DNA and RNA from 63 cell lines available at the Canadian Food Inspection AgencyвЂ™s National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease. Lack of cell line authentication can result in the use of contaminated or misidentified cell lines, potentially affecting the results from research and diagnostic activities. Cell lines are widely used in research and for diagnostic tests and are often shared between laboratories.

Can clones be force sensitive